Bicyclists ARE traffic. We are treated as such by laws in every state I've looked into, and thus we have the same rights and responsibilites as drivers of cars.
Riding against the direction of travel is illegal and stupid. Full stop.
The safest way to ride on the road, IMO, is to TAKE THE FULL LANE. In Nevada, and many other states, the law explicitly says that we are entitled to do so whenever the lane is not wide enough to safely share with a car. In reality, basically no lanes are wide enough (Assuming you+bike is 3', car gives you 3' of space as legally required, and the car is 6'. Most lanes are not wider than 10'.) I also like blinky rear lights.
Anecdotally, when I started riding right in the middle of the lane by default a few years ago, the number of negative encounters with drivers decreased dramatically. Only occasionally do they even honk. My thinking is that the danger is they think there is enough space to squeeze by and get it wrong and either hit me from behind or sideswipe me, or at least pass really closely. But no driver thinks they can pass if I'm in the middle of the lane, so they are forced to change lanes. I decide when or if I move over to make that easier for them.
If they are honking and shaking their fists at you, they have seen you and aren't going to accidentally sideswipe you.
ride bikes, climb, ski, travel, cook, work to fund former, repeat.
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