Kurt Vonnegut’s science-fiction novel “Cat’s Cradle” revolves around a tricky compound called ice-nine that can turn water solid at room temperature. Vonnegut, who worked for GE in the 1950s as an in-house journalist, came up with many beautifully outlandish plots for his best-selling books. But ice research was hitting close to his beat as well as his home.
That’s because at the time, another member of his family was employed by GE — his brother, the physicist Bernard Vonnegut. Bernard, together with Nobel laureate Irving Langmuir and atmospheric scientist Vincent Schaefer, formed a crack research team looking for ways to control the weather and even break up hurricanes. In 1946, Schaefer made history when he flew into a cloud in a small plane in upstate New York and set off the world’s first artificial snowfall with a bag of dry ice. He became known as the Snow Man.
The research, which GE called “Project Cirrus,” was serious business. It grew out of the company’s study of thin ice layers that sometimes coated aircraft wings and crippled planes during World War II. The company is now using supercomputers to attack the problem. Many machines that operate in cold environments could benefit from resisting ice, including wind turbines.
...
Perhaps the most daring part of the project took place during the 1947 hurricane season in the skies off the coast of Florida and Alabama. On Oct. 13, the team spotted a storm that “consisted of an eye of approximately 30 miles in diameter, surrounded by a thick wall of clouds extending from about 800 feet up into the cirrus overcast at 20,000 feet, and some 30-50 miles thick,” according to a witness account.
The team loaded the modified B-17 seeding plane with dry ice and sent up another B-17 to record the operation. There was also a larger B-29 bomber as the control aircraft with Schaefer on board. Although they steered clear of the eye of the storm, they dropped 80 pounds of dry ice along a 110-mile track while circling the hurricane at 19,200 feet. “No attempt was made to penetrate through the wall of the storm into the eye or to seed in or near the squall line, owing to the failure of the group’s homing aids (radio, compass, and visual flares),” the observer reported. “It was thought that such an attempt, although desirable, would likely result in a separation of the aircraft, with subsequent abortion on the primary mission.”
Still, Schaefer, who was ensconced in the relative safety of the B-29, saw “many suitable clouds for seeding operations to occur in this type of hurricane. … Owing to the complex structure of this ‘old’ storm, it is believed that a ‘young’ hurricane would provide much more satisfactory data for estimating the effect of seeding operations.” Langmuir added: “The stakes are large … I think we should be able to abolish the evil effects of these hurricanes.”
Bookmarks