Hepatitis B (HBV) in Children
What is hepatitis B (HBV)?
Hepatitis B is a disease of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus. Hepatitis B may affect each person differently. It can be mild, without symptoms, or it may cause chronic hepatitis. Hepatitis B can cause chronic liver disease and liver failure in infants and young children. The hepatitis B virus is spread from person to person through blood and body fluids, such as blood, semen, vaginal secretions, or saliva (although it is not generally transmitted by kissing). Infants may also get the disease if they are born to a mother who has the virus.
Infected children often spread the virus to other children if there is frequent contact (for example, household contact) or a child has many scrapes or cuts. People who are likely to be exposed to hepatitis B are:
Children born to mothers who have hepatitis B
Children who are born to mothers who have immigrated from a country where hepatitis B is widespread, such as southeast Asia and China
Children who live in long-term care facilities or who are disabled
Children who live in households where another member is infected with the virus
Children who have a blood clotting disorder, such as hemophilia and require blood products
Children who require dialysis for kidney failure
Adolescents or adults who participate in high-risk activities, such as IV drug use, multiple sexual partners, and/or unprotected sex
People can contract hepatitis B virus infection without knowing how they got it.
About one-third of hepatitis B cases in the United States have an unknown source.
Why is hepatitis B a concern?
The younger the person, the greater the likelihood of staying infected with hepatitis B and having life-long liver problems, such as scarring of the liver and liver cancer.
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