Originally Posted by
waveshello
Sure. But it doesn't say there's no difference, it actually acknowledges that there will be a difference under certain conditions.
I am not totally surprised at the results of the study--they removed many of the variables/conditions that make clipless pedals desirable (study acknowledges) in order to keep the scope of the study manageable. No maximal efforts, no long efforts (that's subjective), no terrain profile, no road surface variation, no turns, no bike handling input, no power spikes. We don't know what kind of flat pedals were used, or what kind of shoes were used (study acknowledges). We don't know if foot position on the pedals was a variable.
So yeah, it answers the question that can be answered, but it doesn't answer all the questions. My experience is that clipless pedals reduce fatigue, which has an effect on biomechanical efficiency and certainly has an effect on perceived effort and efficiency.