Here's the thing, a lot of people have found success doing things in many different ways. "Polarized" isn't the only way to train - and in some instances it may not be the best way to train. BUT - in my opinion, it's the method that produces the most fitness with the least risk of over-loading your body and that's why I push it so much.
I totally get the training time issue - with a wife who's a faux-pro runner and two kids - my weekly hours aren't what I wish they were. I spend A LOT of time in the 8 to 10 hours per week range and often to get there I'm doing morning and night doubles of 45 minutes on the trainer... but all those 45 minute long trainer doubles are in "Base" workloads.
We recorded a podcast on this specific topic:
Is there value in the 1 hour easy ride?
Something that works well for me - and might work for you - is "Block Periodization" which was researched by Bent Ronnestad.
Basically you take all the intensity that you're going to do in a block (say 8 intensity sessions over 4 weeks) and you front load and do 5 intensity efforts in the first week, and then only 1 effort in subsequent weeks.
The principle is essentially that you don't cross your streams. When you focus on intervals and their adaptive signal, you go all in on it. Then, when you focus on Volume and it's adaptive signals, you go all in on that.... whereas most training plans have a little of the volume adaptive signal and a little of the interval adaptive signal.
For me, that looks like:
Week 1:
Intensity - 4 x interval workouts (60 minutes) + 2 "base" rides (60 ish minutes) = ~6 to 8 hours of training.
This week is focused, fun, and I'm recovered from the recovery week prior, so I'm happy and in good spirits and I can be a great dad and husband. However, it's also demanding. It's hard to do 4x quality sessions well, so you feel like you accomplished something
Week 2:
Mid Week - 1 x interval workouts (60 minutes) + 3-4 x "base rides" (60 minutes) + 1-2 longer Ride (2ish hours) = total duration 8 to 10 hours
This is an easier week, same volume, but only 1 intensity session means that I'm generally in a good mood and great with my family
Week 3:
Volume Week - 1 x interval workout (60 minutes) + 3 x "base rides" (60 minutes) + 2 Long Long Ride (3 to 4hrs) = total duration 12 to 14 hours -
This is the week that I plan other things around. E.g. it's hard to plan a family hike this weekend, but that's ok because we did it the other 3 weeks.
Week 4:
Recovery week - 5 x "base Ride" (60 minutes) = 5 total hours
This week life is golden and I'm super engaged.
Week's 1 & 2 fit in the the day to day schedule nicely
Week 4 is an easy week and I pick up more tasks around the house
Week 3 is the only week that's hard to fit in and I ask for extra forgiveness based on the extra family time the following week.
Ramping up for big events - Like I am for Portugal, I have to have the conversation with my wife where we discuss our goals, and agree that to accomplish this there needs to be extra training time, but we're aware of it and are trying to make up for it in other ways. I've been able to get in 2 x 17 hour weeks with a bit of time off at work and a bit of understanding from the family.